The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) is a self-report questionnaire designed to detect disorders of the mother-infant relationship. The original version for English samples, with 25 items, presented a four factor solution and it has been validated for several countries. Despite their large use, the analysis of the factor structures worldwide has demonstrated low cross-cultural consistency. The aim of this study was to carry out initial analyses of the psychometric properties of the PBQ Brazilian version, by comparing the overall goodness-of-fit indices for three different models and their reduced versions (factor loading below 0.30) based on previous PBQ studies from the original sample. A total of 1057 Brazilian mothers answered the original version of the PBQ, which was evaluated by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The ratio chi-square and degrees of freedom (χ²/df), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), confirmatory-fit index (CFI), parsimony goodness-of-fit index (PGFI), parsimony confirmatory-of-fit index (PCFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit indices. The maternal and child mean age was 28.69 (SD 6,19) and 1.88 (SD 0,29), respectively. The results from the CFA indicated that the best factor structure fitted to PQB’s original version was the one factor solution, with good fit (χ²/df=3.636; GFI=0.962; CFI=0.931; PGFI=0.644; PCFI=0.706; RMSEA=0.050), better than three (χ²/df=6.880; GFI=0.879; CFI=0.746; PGFI=0.695; PCFI=0.646; RMSEA=0.075) and four factors versions (χ²/df=6.406; GFI=0.880; CFI=0.734; PGFI=0.704; PCFI=0.636; RMSEA=0.072). Even after dropping items with factor loadings smaller than 0.30, the model with best fit was the same one factor solution, the fit was very good (χ²/df=3.005; GFI=0.984; CFI=0.976; PGFI=0.547; PCFI=0.678; RMSEA=0.044), better than three (χ²/df=5.617; GFI=0.936; CFI=0.875; PGFI=0.668; PCFI=0.708; RMSEA=0.066) and four factors versions (χ²/df=7.390; GFI=0.901; CFI=0.787; PGFI=0.664; PCFI=0.644; RMSEA=0.078). For the Brazilian sample, the one factor solution was the one with better fit. Thus, we confirm that the PQB has low cross-cultural consistency.